FS S5500-48F6S vs. Cisco C9300 48S: Picking the Right One for Your Network

Posted on July 6, 2023 by Admin

Businesses must choose the right switches that can meet their specific requirements. Two popular options in the market are the FS S5500-48F6S and the Cisco C9300 48S. Both switches offer a range of features and capabilities, but which one is the best fit for your network? In this article, we will compare FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S across various parameters to help you make an informed decision.

FS S5500-48F6S vs. Cisco C9300 48S

Performance and Features

When it comes to performance, both FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S offer impressive capabilities. FS S5500-48F6S is equipped with 48x 1Gb SFP ports and 6x 10Gb SFP+ uplink ports, providing high-speed connectivity for demanding network environments. On the other hand, Cisco C9300 48S offers 48x 1Gb SFP ports with modular uplink ports, offering flexibility to accommodate various types of connectivity options. In terms of features, both switches support advanced protocols and features like VLANs, QoS, and link aggregation.

Scalability

Scalability is a crucial factor to consider when selecting a switch for your network. FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S offer different scalability options. FS S5500-48F6S supports the virtual stacking of 8 units, allowing you to combine multiple switches into a single logical unit, simplifying management and expanding your network as needed. Similarly, Cisco C9300 48S supports stacking as well as Cisco’s Virtual Stacking technology, which enables you to manage and configure multiple switches as one virtual device too.

Reliability and Redundancy

Network downtime can be costly for any organization, so reliability and redundancy are crucial considerations. FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S both offer reliable hardware with robust build quality. FS S5500-48F6S is packed with redundant hot-swappable AC/DC power supplies and variable-speed axial fans for superior processing performance and network reliability. It also supports non-stop upgrades, continuous forwarding, graceful restarting, and redundancy protection. On the other hand, Cisco C9300 48S comes with 1 default AC power supply and three field-replaceable fans.

Management and Monitoring

Efficient management and monitoring capabilities are essential for maintaining and troubleshooting a network. Cisco C9300 48S comes with the Cisco IOS-XE operating system, providing a familiar and feature-rich interface for network administrators. It also supports a range of management tools and software, such as Cisco DNA Center, to enable centralized management and monitoring of the network. While FS S5500-48F6S may not offer the same level of management tools as Cisco, it does provide a user-friendly web interface and support command-line interface (CLI) for configuration and monitoring. It also supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for centralized management and monitoring.

Security

Network security is a top priority for organizations today. FS S5500-48F6S offers advanced security features, including Access Control Lists (ACLs), Secure Shell (SSH), RADIUS, and TACACS+ for secure access control and remote management. It also supports multiple services like IPv6, MPLS, VPN, and network security based on L2/L3/L4 wire-speed switching services. Similarly, Cisco C9300 48S also offers security features like ACLs, MACsec encryption, and TrustSec for secure access control. Additionally, Cisco provides regular security updates and patches to address emerging threats.

Cost

Cost is often a significant factor when making purchasing decisions. FS S5500-48F6S generally comes at a much more affordable price compared to Cisco C9300 48S. This can be especially beneficial for organizations with budget constraints or those looking for cost-effective solutions without compromising on essential features and performance. Assessing your specific needs and budget is crucial in determining which option provides the best value for your organization.

Support & Warranty

FS S5500-48F6S offers 5 years limited warranty against defects in materials or workmanship. Most importantly, FS provides free professional technical support and 24/5 live customer service. You can always find tailored solutions and services for your businesses. Similarly, Cisco C9300 48S comes with a Cisco Enhanced Limited Lifetime Hardware Warranty (E-LLW) that includes Next-Business-Day (NBD) delivery of replacement hardware where available and 90 days of 8×5 Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) support. However, the level and extent of support may vary, and it’s important to review the specific terms and conditions of the warranty before making a decision.

FS S5500-48F6S vs. Cisco C9300 48S at a Glance

Here is a table comparing the specifications of FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S:

SpecificationFS S5500-48F6SCisco C9300 48S
Ports48x 1G SFP, 6x 10Gb SFP+ Uplinks48x 1G SFP, Modular Uplinks
Switching Capacity216 Gbps256 Gbps
Forwarding Rate162 Mpps190 Mpps
Power Supply2 (1+1 Redundancy) Hot-swappable1 default power supply
Fan3 Built-in3 Field-replaceable
AC/DC Power SupplyAC/DCAC
CostVariesVaries
FS S5500-48F6S vs. Cisco C9300 48S

Please note that the cost of these switches can vary depending on the retailer, region, and additional features or support options selected. It’s best to check with authorized vendors or the respective manufacturers for the most accurate and up-to-date pricing information.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the choice between FS S5500-48F6S and Cisco C9300 48S depends on your specific network requirements, budget, and the level of support and warranty coverage you prioritize. If cost-effectiveness is a significant consideration for your organization, FS S5500-48F6S may be a suitable choice, offering competitive performance and essential features at a more affordable price. Conducting a thorough evaluation and consulting with networking professionals can help you make an informed decision that aligns with your needs and goals.

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FS S5500-48T6S vs. Aruba JL667A: Which One to Choose?

Posted on July 6, 2023 by Admin

In this rapidly evolving networking landscape, choosing the right switch for your organization is crucial to ensure seamless connectivity, efficient performance, and robust security. Two popular options in the market are FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A. Both switches offer a range of features and capabilities, making the decision-making process a challenging one. In this article, we will compare FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A across various aspects, helping you make an informed choice for your networking needs.

FS S5500-48T6S vs. Aruba JL667A

FS S5500-48T6S vs. Aruba JL667A

Performance and Features

Both FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A provide excellent performance and a wide array of features. FS S5500-48T6S is an aggregation 10G switch that features 48x 1G SFP downlinks and 6x 1G/10G SFP+ uplinks. It supports Layer 3 features such as RIP, OSPF, VRRP, BGP, BFD, etc., ensuring efficient routing and switching. It also provides support for virtual local area networks (VLANs), Quality of Service (QoS) features. Aruba JL667A is a 48-port 1GbE and 4-port SFP56 switch. It also offers advanced switching capabilities and enhanced features such as BGP, EVPN, VXLAN, VRF, and OSPF with robust security and QoS. Overall, both switches deliver reliable performance with robust feature sets.

Scalability

Scalability is a critical factor to consider when selecting a switch, as it determines the ability to expand and accommodate future growth. FS S5500-48T6S offers high port density, with 48 Ethernet ports and 6 SFP+ uplink ports, allowing for easy integration into larger networks. It also supports link aggregation and 8 units of virtual stacking, enabling seamless scalability. Similarly, Aruba JL667A supports the Aruba Virtual Stacking Framework (VSF) that allows for the stacking of up to 10 switches, providing scale and simplified management.

Reliability and Redundancy

Network reliability is paramount in ensuring uninterrupted operations. FS S5500-48T6S boasts a reliable hardware design with 1+1 hot-swappable AC/DC power supplies and 2 smart fans, minimizing the risk of downtime due to component failures. It also supports Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS), providing redundancy at the network level. On the other hand, Aruba JL667A incorporates an internal (fixed) AC power supply and fixed fans, along with advanced features like continual state synchronization that provides superior fault tolerance and high availability. Both switches prioritize reliability and offer redundancy options for uninterrupted network performance, but FS S5500-48T6S supports both AC and DC power supplies.

Management and Monitoring

Efficient management and monitoring capabilities simplify network administration tasks and enhance troubleshooting capabilities. FS S5500-48T6S supports both user-friendly web interface and command-line interface (CLI) for configuration and monitoring. It also supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for centralized management and monitoring. On the other hand, Aruba JL667A provides a comprehensive management platform with a centralized graphical interface. It supports the Aruba CX Mobile App and Aruba Central for simplified network management and monitoring. Both switches provide adequate management options, but Aruba JL667A offers a more comprehensive management suite.

Security

In an era of growing cybersecurity threats, network security is of utmost importance. FS S5500-48T6S supports features like Access Control Lists (ACLs), Secure Shell (SSH), RADIUS, and TACACS+ to ensure secure communication and protect against unauthorized access. It also supports 802.1X port-based authentication for enhanced security. Aruba JL667A also offers advanced security features such as ACLs, role-based access control, and MACsec encryption for secure communication. Additionally, Aruba JL667A comes with an integrated trusted platform module (TPM) for platform integrity, comprehensive network access control, and threat detection. When it comes to security, both FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A provide a robust and comprehensive set of features that prioritize the protection of your network and data.

Cost

Cost is a significant consideration for any organization when choosing networking equipment. FS S5500-48T6S typically offers competitive pricing, making it an attractive option for organizations with budget constraints. It provides a balance between performance and affordability. On the other hand, Aruba JL667A tends to have a higher price point due to its advanced features and brand reputation. Despite their different initial investment, both switches offer a comprehensive feature set and robust security, making them a worthwhile investment for organizations.

Support & Warranty

Reliable support and warranty coverage are crucial for maintaining a smooth and functioning network. FS S5500-48T6S offers 5 years limited warranty against defects in materials or workmanship. Most importantly, FS provides free professional technical support and 24/5 live customer service. You can always find tailored solutions and services for your businesses. Similarly, Aruba JL667A offers comprehensive support options, including technical assistance, documentation, and access to firmware updates. Aruba’s reputation for customer support and reliable warranty coverage also adds value to the overall networking experience.

FS S5500-48T6S vs. Aruba JL667A at a Glance

Here is a table comparing the specifications of FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A:

SpecificationFS S5500-48T6SAruba JL667A
Ports48x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 6x 1G/10G SFP+48x 10/100/1000BaseT Ports, 4x 1G/10G/25G/50G SFP56 ports
Switching Capacity216 Gbps496 Gbps
Forwarding Rate162 Mpps369 Mpps
Power Supply2 (1+1 Redundancy) Hot-swappableInternal (fixed) power supply
Fan2 Built-inFixed fans
AC/DC Power SupplyAC/DCAC
CostVaries (around US$1000)Varies (＞US$3000)

Please note that the cost of these switches can vary depending on the retailer, region, and additional features or support options selected. It’s best to check with authorized vendors or the respective manufacturers for the most accurate and up-to-date pricing information.

Conclusion

If you prioritize affordability, scalability, and a balance between performance and cost, FS S5500-48T6S may be a suitable choice. It provides robust performance, adequate features, and competitive pricing.

On the other hand, if you require advanced security features, comprehensive management capabilities, and are willing to invest in a well-established brand, Aruba JL667A offers a compelling solution. It delivers top-notch performance, enhanced security, and a comprehensive management suite.

Ultimately, the decision between FS S5500-48T6S and Aruba JL667A depends on your organization’s specific needs, priorities, and budget. It is recommended to evaluate your networking requirements, consult with industry experts if necessary, and conduct thorough research to make an informed decision that aligns with your organization’s goals and objectives.

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Gigabit Ethernet Switch Selection Guide

Posted on January 19, 2023 by Admin

In recent times, high-speed networks have become the pursuit for businesses and households across the globe, making daily life more comfortable and facilitating business growth. Gigabit switches play an important role in building high-speed networks and are widely used around the world. This article introduces the different types of 1G network switches, and how to choose the right Gigabit Ethernet switch, as well as FS switch recommendations.

What is a Gigabit Switch?

A gigabit switch is a type of Ethernet network switch that allows devices to be connected to a LAN at speeds of 1 Gbps or higher. Gigabit Ethernet replaced Fast Ethernet as a new network standard for increased speed. A Gigabit Ethernet switch is a higher version of a Fast Ethernet switch, meeting the demands of internet service providers for high speeds. 1G Ethernet switches are available in a variety of configurations, forming various types of switches to provide different services:

Unmanaged switches are designed to be plug-and-play with fixed configuration, providing basic connectivity for a small LAN or single user. These switches are normally used in small businesses where precise network control is not as crucial.

Managed switches are designed with greater control and advanced functionality to support the user experience, security, manageability, and scalability. They allow Ethernet devices to connect, realising the ability to configure, manage, and monitor local area network (LAN) traffic.

Smart switches feature limited management functions, allowing traffic self-management. They offer less scalability than other switches and can be used as infrastructure for smaller and less complex networks.

PoE switches support data transmission and power supply for several network devices using an existing Ethernet cable. They greatly simplify cabling and increase the flexibility and reach of connected systems.

FS Gigabit Switches: Suitable for Various Networking Requirements

With extensive industry experience and expertise, FS offers an exclusive line of 1G network switches with a wide range of port types and rich functional features, suitable for a variety of different applications. These switches offer versatile designs for better operational performance, helping to ensure a more secure experience and build a sustainable network for the future.

ModelsPortsPoE SupportedManaged UnmanagedFeatures Supported
S3900-48T6S-R48x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 6x 10G SFP+non-PoEManagedQoS, IGMP Snooping, Link Aggregation, IPv6, L3 Static Routing RIP, OSPF
S3900-24T4S-R24x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 4x 10G SFP+non-PoEManaged
S5810-28FS28x 1G SFP, 8x 1G RJ45/SFP Combo | 4x 1G/10G SFP+non-PoEManaged
S5810-48FS48x 1G SFP | 4x 1G/10G SFP+non-PoEManaged
S3150-8T2FP8x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 2x 1G SFPPoE+Managed
S3400-24T4FP24x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 4x 1G RJ45/SFP ComboPoE+Managed
S3260-16T4FP16x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 2x 1G SFP, 2x 1G RJ45/SFP ComboPoE+Managed
IES3100-8TF-P8x 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 | 2x 100/1000/2500BASE-X SFPPoE+ManagedVLAN, QoS, LACP, IGMP, ACL, DHCP, Static Routing, MSTP

How to Select the Right Gigabit Switch for Your Network？

Ethernet switches play a significant role in enterprise network architecture and deserve serious selection. The following are the factors to consider when selecting 1G switches, which can provide you with some guidance.

Number of Ports You Need

First of all, determine how many network switch ports you need for your network. You need to not only calculate the number of connected devices in your home or business environment but also anticipate future connectivity needs. If it’s just for a home network that needs to connect three devices and a router, an 8 or 12-port Gigabit Ethernet switch is appropriate, due to the capability of future-proofing and connectivity for other devices provided. If you need a switch for a large network in a fast-growing enterprise, 24-port and 48-port managed switches are good choices, such as FS S3900-24T4S-R and FS S3900-48T6S-R.

Capability to Power Devices

Power over Ethernet (PoE) has become an important factor for users to consider when purchasing a network switch in recent years. This technology enables the capability to use existing Ethernet cables to power connected devices, such as IP phones, network surveillance cameras, or wireless access points. If you need this function, select a PoE Gigabit Ethernet switch. Make sure the power per port (in watts) and the total power budget of the PoE ports meet the needs of your network devices. Cheque FS S3400-24T4FP to see if it meets your needs.

Features

The features of network switches determine the functions and services they can offer. Unmanaged switches and smart switches lack network management and monitoring capabilities. Managed switches provide features, such as traffic management, troubleshooting, access controls, and monitoring. Some common features, including LACP, VLAN, QoS, IGMP Snooping, Link Aggregation, and OSPF, also need to be considered. FS 1G network switches are designed as managed switches with a rich set of features that encompass the above features.Other features, such as noise, may be overlooked. However, for homes or small offices, it is important to consider the noise generated by 1G network switches. FS S3150-8T2FP switch has a low-power and noiseless design, and supports secure desktop connectivity, suitable for deployments in working areas or home scenarios. In conclusion, before choosing a switch, double-cheque that it provides the features you need.

Applications

Special application scenarios will place additional requirements on Gigabit switches. For example, industrial scenarios pose higher requirements on the switch in terms of operating temperature, enclosure design, management, and durability. You need to cheque whether the Gigabit Ethernet switch can keep working well in the application scenario you want.If you need a switch for industrial scenarios, the FS IES3100-8TF-P can meet your needs to maintain stable operation in harsh environments, such as low temperatures and high vibration, and to enable easy network management.

The Closing Thought

To build a future-proof and reliable network, the selection of a switch needs to be done carefully, considering multiple aspects. I hope the above points will be helpful to you. Besides, FS offers a wide range of Gigabit network switches, one of which may meet your needs. cheque FS.com to know more.

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Best Gigabit Switches to Set up Your Home Network

Posted on January 19, 2023 by Admin

If you expect to provide your devices with a wired internet connection that is faster and more stable but your router only has a few Ethernet ports, you should get the best gigabit switch for your home network. When you use one of the best network switches, you can add more ports to your network, allowing you to connect more devices than you could with the router’s few built-in ports. You can compare and choose from the best gigabit switches for your home network in this article.

Key Features of the Gigabit Switch

A gigabit switch called the 1G switch, helps increase home network speeds, typically supporting copper speeds of 10/100/1000 Mbps and fibre optic speeds of 1000 Mbps. The following are some features of gigabit switches:

  • From the point of view of port design, there are two types, namely gigabit Ethernet switches and fibre gigabit switches. Ethernet switches can transmit data quickly, while SFP fibre switches can transmit longer distances.
  • Gigabit switches are also classified as managed or unmanaged switches, which means that the former can operate in automatic mode, while the latter must be programmed manually.
  • Most desktop switches feature a simple plug-and-play design, making them easy to operate.
  • Gigabit switches can implement half-duplex and full-duplex modes in terms of traffic in single-mode and multi-mode network environments.
  • These switches will have many LED indicators that indicate various parameters such as port type, status, link, activity, etc.

Also Cheque- Gigabit Switch

What You Can Expect From Your Home Network

Influenced by several years of COVID-19, people are more and more working from home, so we pay more and more attention to home networks. Today, with the rapid development of high-speed communications, the demand for home networks is even stronger, because even if residents do not work at home, they still want to share high-speed networks at home. The requirements for Gigabit Ethernet in the home network usually have the following points:

  • Increased efficiency in media sharing
  • Fluency of office network
  • Supports HD video calling and conferencing
  • Unlimited upload and download speed

A Better Gigabit Switch For Your Home Network

Here are several aspects to consider when choosing a Gigabit switch. You can determine the type of switch you need based on the characteristics of the switch and your personal requirements.

Number of ports

Checking the number of ports it comes with is one of the most important things you can do to help you choose a great gigabit switch for your home network. You don’t want to buy a device that doesn’t solve this problem because one of the reasons you’re spending money on an Ethernet switch is to get more ports for your devices.The switches provide a variety of port configurations, ranging from 5 to 28, making it simple to select the model that best suits your requirements. For example, FS S3900-48T6S-R has 48 RJ45 ports, built-in dual redundant power supply and dual fans, with higher ease of use, highly secure business operation, sustainability and borderless network experience.


Also Check- FS S3900-48T6S-R Switch

PoE vs Non-PoE Switches

Gigabit Power over Ethernet (PoE) gigabit switches connect devices to data and DC power. These are very useful for connecting powered network equipment to the network, as only one cable is required to connect to the equipment. You can effectively avoid home network failures by using a managed PoE switch to remotely restart connected devices by turning off and on the Ethernet port’s power. A gigabit non-PoE switch that only provides network connectivity but does not supply DC power to connected devices. When there are a lot of non-powered network devices, like PCs and laptops, on the network, these switches are a good choice.

Managed vs Non-managed Switches

Managed gigabit switches are more secure and can either separate portions of your network into their own virtual local area networks (VLANs) or monitor traffic for troubleshooting purposes. If you decide to use this type of switch, you should also cheque that your switch is compatible with VLANs. For instance, a setup that does not use a bridge and uses Amazon’s Eero mesh routers renders VLANs useless. Unmanaged network switches are what we recommend for most users if you only need wired internet access to a few devices. This does not imply that the switch lacks features; unmanaged switches frequently possess a wide range of sophisticated capabilities, such as loop detection and traffic prioritisation QoS.

Fan vs Fanless Switches

The active cooling system used by the built-in fan switch is a type of cooling technology that uses an external device to improve heat transfer. During convection, an active cooling system means that the rate of fluid flow increases, significantly increasing the rate at which heat is removed. A fanless switch operates quietly because it does not have a fan built in. Utilising a heat spreader or heat sink to maximise the radiation and convection heat transfer modes, the passive cooling system achieves a high level of natural convection and heat dissipation.

Conclusion

Gigabit switches are the most widely used and can save energy in home networks. It is wise to choose a managed or unmanaged Gigabit switch with copper and fibre port modules as it makes it easy to expand the network in the future or even add devices in the short term. FS offers a wide range of Gigabit Ethernet switches with RJ45 and SFP ports compatible with a wide range of devices and copper and fibre optic networks, most of which also support PoE.

Related article:

Home Ethernet Wiring Guide: How to Get a Wired Home Network?

How to Choose the Best 10 Gigabit Switch for Home?

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How 400G Ethernet Influences Enterprise Networks?

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin

Since the approval of its relevant 802.3bs standard from the IEEE in 2017, 400GbE Ethernet has become the talk of the town. The main reason behind it is the ability of this technology to beat the existing solutions by a mile. With its implementation, the current data transfer speeds will simply see a fourfold increase. Vigorous efforts are being made by the cloud service providers and network infrastructure vendors to pace up the deployment. However, there are a number of challenges that can hamper its effective implementation and hence, the adoption.

In this article, we will have a detailed look into the opportunities and the challenges linked to the successful implementation of 400G Ethernet enterprise network. This will provide a clear picture of the impact this technology will have on large-scale organizations.

Opportunities for 400G Ethernet Enterprise Networks

  • Better management of the traffic over video streaming services
  • Facilitates IoT device requirements
  • Improved data transmission density

How can 400G Ethernet assist enterprise networks in handling growing traffic demands?

Rise of 5G connectivity

Rising traffic and bandwidth demands are compelling the CSPs for rapid adoption of 5G both at the business as well as the customer end. A successful implementation requires a massive increase in bandwidth to cater for the 5G backhaul. In addition, 400G can provide CSPs with a greater density in small cells development. 5G deployment requires the cloud data centers to be brought closer to the users as well as the devices. This streamlines the edge computing (handling time-sensitive data) part, which is another game-changer in this area.5G

Data Centers Handling Video Streaming Services Traffic

The introduction of 400GbE Ethernet has brought a great opportunity for the data centers working behind the video streaming services as Content Delivery Networks. This is because the growing demand for bandwidth is going out of hand using the current technology. As the number of users increased, the introduction of better quality streams like HD and 4K has put additional pressure on the data consumption. Therefore, the successful implementation of 400GbE would come as a sigh of relief for the data centers. Apart from rapid data transferability, issues like jitter will also be brought down. Furthermore, large amounts of data transfer over a single wavelength will also bring down the maintenance cost.

High-Performance Computing (HPC)

The application of high-performance computing is in every industry sub-vertical whether it is healthcare, retail, oil & gas or weather forecasting. Real-time analysis of data is required in each of these fields and it is going to be a driver for the 400G growth. The combined power of HPC and 400G will bring out every bit of performance from the infrastructure leading to financial and operational efficiency.400G Ethernet

Addressing the Internet of Things (IoT) Traffic Demands

Another opportunity that resides in this solution is for the data centers to manage IoT needs. Data generated by the IoT devices is not large; it is the aggregation of the connections that actually hurts. Working together, these devices open new pathways over internet and Ethernet networks which leads to an exponential increase in the traffic. A fourfold increase in the data transfer speed will make it considerably convenient for the relevant data centers to gain the upper hand in this race.

Greater Density for Hyperscale Data Centers

In order to meet the increasing data needs, the number of data centers is also seeing a considerable increase. A look at the relevant stats reveals that 111 new Hyperscale data centers were set up during the last two years, and 52 out of them were initiated during peak COVID times when the logistical issues were also seeing an unprecedented increase. In view of this fact, every data center coming to the fore is looking to setup 400GbE. Provision of greater density in fiber, racks, and switches via 400GbE would help them incorporate huge and complex computing and networking requirements while minimizing the ESG footprint at the same time.

Easier Said Than Done: What Are the Challenges In 400G Ethernet technology

Below are some of the challenges enterprise data centers are facing in 400G implementation.

Cost and Power Consumption

Today’s ecosystem of 400G transceivers and DSP are power-intensive. Currently, some transceivers don’t support the latest MSA. They are developed uniquely by different vendors using their proprietary technology.

Overall, the aim is to reduce $/gigabit and watts/gigabit.

The Need for Real-World Networking Plugfests

Despite the standard being approved by IEEE, a number of modifications still need to be made in various areas like specifications, manufacturing, and design. Although the conducted tests have shown promising results, the interoperability needs to be tested in real-world networking environments. This would outline how this technology is actually going to perform in enterprise networks. In addition, any issues faced at any layer of the network will be highlighted.

Transceiver Reliability

Secondly, transceiver reliability also comes as a major challenge in this regard. Currently, the relevant manufacturers are finding it hard to meet the device power budget. The main reason behind that is the use of a relatively older design of QSFP transceiver form factor as it was originally designed for 40GbE. Problems in meeting the device power budget lead to issues like heating, optical distortions, and packet loss.

The Transition from NRZ to PAM-4

Furthermore, the shift from binary non-return to zero to pulse amplitude modulation with the introduction of 400GbE also poses a challenge for encoding and decoding. This is because NRZ was a familiar set of optical coding whereas PAM-4 requires involvement of extensive hardware and an enhanced level of sophistication. Mastering this form of coding would require time, even for a single manufacturer.from NRZ to PAM-4

Greater Risk of Link Flaps

Enterprise use of 400GbE also increases the risk of link flaps. Link flaps are defined as the phenomenon involving rapid disconnection in an optical connection. Whenever such a scenario occurs, auto-negotiation and link-training are performed before the data is allowed to flow again. While using 400GbE, link flaps can occur due to a number of additional reasons like problems with the switch, design problems with the -transceiver, or heat.

Inference

The true deployment of 400GbE Ethernet enterprise network is undoubtedly going to ease management for cloud service providers and networking vendors. However, it is still a bumpy road. With the modernization and rapid advancements in technology, scalability is going to become a lot easier for the data centers. Still, we are still a long way from the destination of a successful implementation. With higher data transfer rates easing traffic management, a lot of risks to the fiber alignment and packet loss still need to be tackled.

Article Source: How 400G Ethernet Influences Enterprise Networks?

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Coherent Optics and 400G Applications

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin

In today’s high-tech and data-driven environment, network operators face an increasing demand to support the ever-rising data traffic while keeping capital and operation expenditures in check. Incremental advancements in bandwidth component technology, coherent detection, and optical networking have seen the rise of coherent interfaces that allows for efficient control, lower cost, power, and footprint.

Below, we have discussed more about 400G, coherent optics, and how the two are transforming data communication and network infrastructures in a way that’s beneficial for clients and network service providers.

What is 400G?

400G is the latest generation of cloud infrastructure, which represents a fourfold increase in the maximum data-transfer speed over the current maximum standard of 100G. Besides being faster, 400G has more fiber lanes, which allows for better throughput (the quantity of data handled at a go). Therefore, data centers are shifting to 400G infrastructure to bring new user experiences with innovative services such as augmented reality, virtual gaming, VR, etc.

Simply put, data centers are like an expressway interchange that receives and directs information to various destinations, and 400G is an advancement to the interchange that adds more lanes and a higher speed limit. This not only makes 400G the go-to cloud infrastructure but also the next big thing in optical networks.

400G

What is Coherent Optics?

Coherent optical transmission or coherent optics is a technique that uses a variation of the amplitude and phase or segment of light and transmission across two polarizations to transport significantly more information through a fiber optic cable. Coherent optics also provides faster bit rates, greater flexibility, modest photonic line systems, and advanced optical performance.

This technology forms the basis of the industry’s drive to embrace the network transfer speed of 100G and beyond while delivering terabits of data across one fiber pair. When appropriately implemented, coherent optics solve the capacity issues that network providers are experiencing. It also allows for increased scalability from 100 to 400G and beyond for every signal carrier. This delivers more data throughput at a relatively lower cost per bit.

Coherent

Fundamentals of Coherent Optics Communication

Before we look at the main properties of coherent optics communication, let’s first understand the brief development of this data transmission technique. Ideally, fiber-optic systems came to market in the mid-1970s, and enormous progress has been realized since then. Subsequent technologies that followed sought to solve some of the major communication problems witnessed at the time, such as dispersion issues and high optical fiber losses.

And though coherent optical communication using heterodyne detection was proposed in 1970, it did not become popular because the IMDD scheme dominated the optical fiber communication systems. Fast-forward to the early 2000s, and the fifth-generation optical systems entered the market with one major focus – to make the WDM system spectrally efficient. This saw further advances through 2005, bringing to light digital-coherent technology & space-division multiplexing.

Now that you know a bit about the development of coherent optical technology, here are some of the critical attributes of this data transmission technology.

  • High-grain soft-decision FEC (forward error correction)：This enables data/signals to traverse longer distances without the need for several subsequent regenerator points. The results are more margin, less equipment, simpler photonic lines, and reduced costs.
  • Strong mitigation to dispersion: Coherent processors accounts for dispersion effects once the signals have been transmitted across the fiber. The advanced digital signal processors also help avoid the headaches of planning dispersion maps & budgeting for polarization mode dispersion (PMD).
  • Programmability: This means the technology can be adjusted to suit a wide range of networks and applications. It also implies that one card can support different baud rates or multiple modulation formats, allowing operators to choose from various line rates.

The Rise of High-Performance 400G Coherent Pluggables

With 400G applications, two streams of pluggable coherent optics are emerging. The first is a CFP2-based solution with 1000+km reach capability, while the second is a QSFP DD ZR solution for Ethernet and DCI applications. These two streams come with measurement and test challenges in meeting rigorous technical specifications and guaranteeing painless integration and placement in an open network ecosystem.

When testing these 400G coherent optical transceivers and their sub-components, there’s a need to use test equipment capable of producing clean signals and analyzing them. The test equipment’s measurement bandwidth should also be more than 40-GHz. For dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature (IQ) signals, the stimulus and analysis sides need varying pulse shapes and modulation schemes on the four synchronized channels. This is achieved using instruments that are based on high-speed DAC (digital to analog converters) and ADC (analog to digital converters). Increasing test efficiency requires modern tools that provide an inclusive set of procedures, including interfaces that can work with automated algorithms.

Coherent Optics Interfaces and 400G Architectures

Supporting transport optics in form factors similar to client optics is crucial for network operators because it allows for simpler and cost-effective architectures. The recent industry trends toward open line systems also mean these transport optics can be plugged directly into the router without requiring an external transmission system.

Some network operators are also adopting 400G architectures, and with standardized, interoperable coherent interfaces, more deployments and use cases are coming to light. Beyond DCI, several application standards, such as Open ROADM and OpenZR+, now offer network operators increased performance and functionality without sacrificing interoperability between modules.

Article Source：Coherent Optics and 400G Applications

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400G Multimode Fiber: 400G SR4.2 vs 400G SR8

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin

Cloud and AI applications are driving demand for data rates beyond 100 Gb/s, moving to high-speed and low-power 400 Gb/s interconnects. The optical fiber industry is responding by developing two IEEE 400G Ethernet standards, namely 400GBASE-SR4.2 and 400GBASE-SR8, to support the short-reach application space inside the data center. This article will elaborate on the two standards and their comparison.

400GBASE-SR4.2

400GBASE-SR4.2, also called 400GBASE-BD4.2, is a 4-pair, 2-wavelength multimode solution that supports reaches of 70m (OM3), 100m (OM4), and 150m (OM5). It is not only the first instance of an IEEE 802.3 solution that employs both multiple pairs of fibers and multiple wavelengths, but also the first Ethernet standard to use two short wavelengths to double multimode fiber capacity from 50 Gb/s to 100 Gb/s per fiber.

400GBASE-SR4.2 operates over the same type of cabling used to support 40GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SR4 and 200GBASE-SR4. It uses bidirectional transmission on each fiber, with each wavelength traveling in opposite directions. As such, each active position at the transceiver is both a transmitter and a receiver, which means 400GBASE-SR4.2 has eight optical transmitters and eight optical receivers in a bidirectional optical configuration.

The optical lane arrangement is shown as follows. The leftmost four positions labeled TR transmit wavelength λ1 (850nm) and receive wavelength λ2 (910nm). Conversely, the rightmost four positions labeled RT receive wavelength λ1 and transmit wavelength λ2.

400GBASE-SR4.2 fiber interface

400GBASE-SR8

400GBASE-SR8 is an 8-pair, 1-wavelength multimode solution that supports reaches of 70m (OM3), 100m (OM4 & OM5). It is the first IEEE fiber interface to use eight pairs of fibers. Unlike 400GBASE-SR4.2, it operates over a single wavelength (850nm) with each pair supporting 50 Gb/s transmission. In addition, it has two variants of optical lane arrangement. One variant uses the 24-fiber MPO, configured as two rows of 12 fibers, and the other interface variant uses a single-row MPO-16.

400GBASE-SR8 fiber interface variant 1
400GBASE-SR8 fiber interface variant 2

400GBASE-SR8 offers flexibility of fiber shuffling with 50G/100G/200G configurations. It also supports breakout at different speeds for various applications such as compute, storage, flash, GPU, and TPU. 400G-SR8 QSFP DD/OSFP transceivers can be used as 400GBASE-SR8, 2x200GBASE-SR4, 4x100GBASE-SR2, 8x50GBASE-SR.

400G SR4.2 vs. 400G SR8

As multimode solutions for 400G Ethernet, 400GBASE-SR4.2 and 400GBASE-SR8 share some features, but they also differ in a number of ways as discussed in the previous section.

The following table shows a clear picture of how they compare to each other.

 400GBASE-SR4.2400GBASE-SR8
AllianceIEEE 802.3cmIEEE 802.3cm (breakout: 802.3cd)
Max reach150m over OM5100m over OM4/OM5
Fibers8 fibers16 fibers (ribbon patch cord)
Wavelength2 wavelengths (850nm and 910nm)1 wavelength (850nm)
BiDi technologySupport/
Signal modulation formatPAM4 signalingPAM4 signaling
LaserVCSELVCSEL
Form factorQSFP-DD, OSFPQSFP-DD, OSFP

400GBASE-SR8 is technically simple but requires a ribbon patch cord with 16 fibers. It is usually built with 8 VCSEL lasers and doesn’t include any gearbox, so the overall cost of modules and fibers remains low. By contrast, 400GBASE-SR4.2 is technically more complex so the overall cost of related fibers or modules is higher, but it can support a longer reach.

In addition, 400GBASE-SR8 offers both flexibility and higher density. It supports fiber shuffling with 50G/100G/200G configurations and fanout at different I/O speeds for various applications. A 400G-SR8 QSFP-DD transceiver can be used as 400GBASE-SR8, 2x200GBASE-SR4, 4x100GBASE-SR2, or 8x50GBASE-SR.

400G SR4.2 & 400G SR8: Boosting Higher Speed Ethernet

As multimode fiber continues to evolve to serve growing demands for speed and capacity, both 400GBASE-SR4.2 and 400GBASE-SR8 help boost 400G Ethernet and scale up multimode fiber links too ensure the viability of optical solutions for various demanding applications.

The two IEEE 802.3cm standards provide a smooth evolution path for Ethernet, boosting cloud-based services and applications. Future advances point toward the ability to support even higher data rates as they are upgraded to the next level. The data center Industry will take advantage of the latest multimode fiber technology such as OM5 fiber, and use multiple wavelengths to transmit 100 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s over fibers over short reach of more than150 meters.

Beyond 2021-2022 timeframe, once an 800 Gb/s Ethernet standard is standardized, using more advanced technology with two-wavelength operation could create an 800 Gb/s, four-pair link. At the same time a single wavelength could support an 800 Gb/s eight-pair link. In this sense, 400GBASE-SR4.2 and 400GBASE-SR8 are setting the pace for a promising future.

Article Source: 400G Multimode Fiber: 400G SR4.2 vs 400G SR8

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Importance of FEC for 400G

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin


The rapid adoption of 400G technologies has seen a spike in bandwidth demands and a low tolerance for errors and latency in data transmission. Data centers are now rethinking the design of data communication systems to expand the available bandwidth while improving transmission quality.

Meeting this goal can be quite challenging, considering that improving one aspect of data transmission consequently hurts another. However, one solution seems to stand out from the rest as far as enabling reliable, efficient, and high-quality data transmission is concerned. We’ve discussed more on Forward Error Correction (FEC) and 400G technology in the sections below, including the FEC considerations for 400Gbps Ethernet.

What Is FEC?

Forward Error Correction is an error rectification method used in digital signals to improve data reliability. The technique is used to detect and correct errors in data being transmitted without retransmitting the data.

FEC introduces redundant data and the error-correcting code before data transmission is done. The redundant bits/data are complex functions of the original information and are sent multiple times since an error can appear in any transmitted samples. The receiver then corrects errors without requesting retransmission of the data by acknowledging only parts of the data with no apparent errors.

FEC codes can also generate bit-error-rate signals used as feedback to fine-tune analog receiving electronics. The FEC code design determines the number of missing bits that can be corrected. Block codes and convolutional codes are the two FEC code categories that are widely used. Convolutional codes handle arbitrary-length data and use the Viterbi algorithm for decoding purposes. On the other hand, block codes handle fixed-size data packets, and partial code blocks are decoded in polynomial time to the code block length.

FEC

What Is 400G?

This is the next generation of cloud infrastructure widely used by high-traffic volume data centers, telecommunication service providers, and other large enterprises with relentless data transmission needs. The rapidly increasing network traffic has seen network carriers continually face bandwidth challenges. This exponential sprout in traffic is driven by the increased deployments of machine learning, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and IoT devices.

Compared to the previous 100G solution, 400G, also known as 400GbE or 400GB/s, is four times faster. This Terabit Ethernet transmits data at 400 billion bits per second, i.e., in optical wavelength; hence it’s finding application in high-speed, high-performance deployments.

The 400G technology also delivers the power, data density, and efficiency required for cutting-edge technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), 5G, and 4K video streaming. Besides consuming less power, the speeds also support scale-out and scale-up architectures by providing high density, low-cost-per-bit, and reliable throughput.

Why 400G Requires FEC

Several data centers are adopting 400 Gigabit Ethernet, thanks to the faster network speeds and expanded use cases that allow for new business opportunities. This 400GE data transmission standard uses the PAM4 technology, which offers twice the transmission speed of NRZ technology used for 100GE.

The increased speed and convenience of PAM4 also come with its own challenges. For instance, the PAM4 transmission speed is twice as fast as that of NRZ, but the signal levels are half that of 100G technology. This degrades the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); hence 400G transmissions are more susceptible to distortion.

Therefore, forward error correction (FEC) is used to solve the waveform distortion challenge common with 400GE transmission. That said, the actual transmission rate of a 400G Ethernet link is 425Gbps, with the additional 25 bits used in establishing the FEC techniques. 400GE elements, such as DR4 and FR4 optics, have transmission errors, which FEC helps rectify.

FEC Considerations for 400Gbps Ethernet

With the 802.3bj standards, FEC-related latency is often targeted to be equal to or less than 100ns. Here, the receive time for FEC-frame takes approximately 50ns, with the rest time budget used for decoding. This FEC latency target is practical and achievable.

Using similar/same FEC code for the 400GbE transmission makes it possible to achieve lower latency. But when a higher coding gain FEC is required, e.g., at the PMD level, one can trade off FEC latency for the desired coding gain. It’s therefore recommended to keep a similar latency target (preferably 100ns) while pushing for a higher coding gain of FEC.

Given that PAM4 modulation is used, FEC’s target coding gain (CG) could be over 8dB. And since soft-decision FEC comes with excessive power consumption, it’s not often preferred for 400GE deployments. Similarly, conventional block codes with their limited latency need a higher overclocking ratio to achieve the target.

Assuming that a transcoding scheme similar to that used in 802.3bj is included, the overclocking ratio should be less than 10%. This helps minimize the line rate increase while ensuring sufficient coding gain with limited latency.

So under 100ns latency and less than 10% overclocking ratio, FEC codes with about 8.5dB coding gain are realizable for 400GE transmission. Similarly, you can employ M (i.e., M>1) independent encoders for M-interleaved block codes instead of using parallel encoders to achieve 400G throughput.

Conclusion

400GE transmission offers several benefits to data centers and large enterprises that rely on high-speed data transmission for efficient operation. And while this 400G technology is highly reliable, it introduces some transmission errors that can be solved effectively using forward error correction techniques. There are also some FEC considerations for 400G Ethernet, most of which rely on your unique data transmission and network needs.



Article Source: Importance of FEC for 400G

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FAQs About FS 400G Transceivers

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin

FS 400G transceivers offer customers a wide variety of super high-density 400 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data centers, enterprise networks, and service provider applications. Here is a list of FAQs about our new generation of 400G transceiver modules.

Q: What 400G transceivers are available from FS?

A: FS supports a full range of 400G optical transceivers in both OSFP and QSFP-DD form factors, 400G AOCs and DACs, and 400G breakout cables. The tables below summarize the 400G connectivity options FS supports.

CategoryProductMax Cable DistanceConnectorMediaPower Consumption
400G Transceivers400G QSFP-DD SR870m@OM3/100m@OM4MTP/MPO-16 (APC)MMF≤10W
400G QSFP-DD DR4500mMTP/MPO-12 (APC)SMF≤10W
400G QSFP-DD XDR42kmMTP/MPO-12SMF≤12W
400G QSFP-DD FR42kmDuplex LCSMF≤12W
400G QSFP-DD LR410kmDuplex LCSMF≤12W
400G QSFP-DD PLR410kmMTP/MPO-12SMF≤10W
400G QSFP-DD LR810kmDuplex LCSMF≤14W
400G QSFP-DD ER840kmDuplex LCSMF≤14W
400G OSFP SR8100mMTP/MPO-16MMF≤12W
400G OSFP DR4500mMTP/MPO-12 (APC)SMF≤10W
400G Cables400G QSFP-DD DAC/AOC100mQSFP-DD/≤11W
400G Breakout DAC/AOC30mQSFP-DD to 2x QSFP56, QSFP-DD to 4x QSFP56, QSFP-DD to 4x QSFP28, QSFP-DD to 8x SFP56/≤11W

Q: What are the benefits that FS 400G transceivers can offer?

A: FS 400G transceivers help cloud operators, service providers, and enterprises to achieve higher bandwidth at lower cost and power per gigabit. Key benefits of FS 400G transceivers include:

  • With both OSFP and QSFP-DD form factors to meet your diverse needs of ramping up to 400G transmission.
  • SiPh-based technology used on some FS 400G transceivers for lower power & cost and higher density.
  • Compliant with QSFP-DD MSA and IEEE 802.3bs, and tested in host devices for proven interoperability, superior performance, quality, and reliability.
  • Compatible with mainstream brands such as Cisco, Juniper, Arista, Dell, Mellanox, etc.
  • Simplify your network by reducing the number of optical fiber links, connectors and patch panels by a factor of 4.

Q: What are the application scenarios of FS 400G transceivers?

A: 400G QSFP-DD transceiver modules are the backbone of high-performance 400G networks. FS 400G transceivers can be used in various scenarios. Generally speaking, it depends on the connection distance you want to cover. For example, you can use 400G DAC and AOC cables for short-reach connections between ToR switch and server. For 2km to 10km data center interconnection connections, QSFP-DD FR4 or LR4 modules are better high-quality and economical choices.

Q: What quality certifications do you have for your 400G transceivers?

A: FS 400G transceivers accord with a range of certifications for optical transceivers including ISO 9001:2015, RoHS, REACH, CB, RCM, FCC, and Russian TR CU certificate (EAC Certificate). Rest assured that our products will meet essential quality and safety requirements.

Q: Are FS 400G transceivers compatible with Cisco or Juniper brands?

A: Many of our 400G transceiver modules are compatible with Cisco, Juniper, Arista, Dell, Mellanox, etc. You can always ask for a compatibility test before the purchase to check whether our transceiver is compatible with your devices. If you’re deploying a larger network or upgrading your current data center architecture, compatible transceiver modules may come in handy as they can be immediately installed without compatibility problems and fit right into your data center infrastructure.

Q: Can I plug FS OSFP module into a 400G QSFP-DD port, or FS QSFP-DD module into an OSFP port?

A: No. OSFP and QSFP-DD are two physically distinct form factors. If you have an OSFP system, then FS 400G OSFP modules must be used. If you have a QSFP-DD system, then FS 400G QSFP-DD modules must be used.

Q: Can FS 100G QSFP module be plugged into a 400G QSFP-DD port?

A: Yes. A 40/100GQSFP transceiver module can be inserted into a QSFP-DD port as QSFP-DD is backward compatible with QSFP, QSFP+, and QSFP28 transceiver modules. When using a QSFP module in a 400G QSFP-DD port, the QSFP-DD port must be configured for a data rate of 100G.

Q: What should I do if I don’t know which transceiver module is the right one for me?

A: Our dedicated customer support offers 24/7 technical assistance. If you have any questions about our transceiver modules, such as how to select the right 400G optical transceiver for your switches, how to choose between different form factors, what to do when typical technical glitches occur, or how to place an order, don’t hesitate to contact our tech support.

Q: Can I return the product or get a refund?

A: FS wants you to be thrilled with our 400G transceiver modules. However, if you need to return an item or ask to get a refund, we’re here to help. For all 400G transceiver modules, DAC & AOC cables, and breakout cables, you have 30 calendar days to return an item from the date you received it, which means the request must be submitted within the return/exchange window. Refunds will be processed after FS receives and inspects the returned items.

Q: How long is the warranty period for FS 400G transceivers?

A: We offer you a warranty period of five years for the purchase of 400G transceiver modules, DAC & AOC cables, and breakout cables. The warranty covers only defects arising under normal use and does not include malfunctions or failures resulting from misuse, abuse, neglect, alteration, problems with electrical power, usage not in accordance with product instructions, acts of nature, or improper installation or improper operation or repairs made by anyone other than FS or an FS authorized service provider. Please check FS Products Warranty for detailed info.

If you have any questions about FS 400G transceiver modules, you can always Contact Us for assistance.

Article Source

https://community.fs.com/news/faqs-about-fs-400g-transceivers.html

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Basics about 400G DAC and 400G AOC

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Admin

Data centers, enterprises, and high-performance computing environments require flexible and well-defined 50G, 100G, 200G, and 400G direct attach cables for interconnection within a rack or between adjacent racks. With the development of 400G technology, 400G direct attach cables for short-distance DCI (Data Center Interconnect) have been mass-produced and put into market, which includes 400G DAC and 400G AOC.

Main Types of 400G DAC & AOC in the Market

Either 400G DAC or 400G AOC comes with two main form factors: QSFP-DD and OSFP, both of which can carry 8x50Gb/s PAM4 electrical lanes. Besides, there are also 400G breakout DAC/AOCs, with one 400G connector at one end, and several same connectors whose total rate is 400G at the other end. The table below shows the main types of 400G DAC /AOC and the 400G breakout DAC/AOCs in the market.

CatagoryNameProduct DescriptionReachApplication
400G QSFP-DD DACQSFP-DD to QSFP-DD DACwith each 400G QSFP-DD using 8x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G network direct connection
400G QSFP-DD Breakout DACQSFP-DD to 2x 200G QSFP56 DACwith each 200G QSFP56 using 4x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G to 200G network connection
QSFP-DD to 4x 100G QSFPs DACwith each 100G QSFPs using 2x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G to 100G network connection
QSFP-DD to 8x 50G SFP56 DACwith each 50G SFP56 using 1x 50G PAM4 electrical laneno more than 3m400G to 50G network connection
400G QSFP-DD AOCQSFP-DD to QSFP-DD AOCwith each 400G QSFP-DD using 8x 50G PAM4 electrical lanes70m (OM3) or 100m (OM4)400G network direct connection
400G QSFP-DD Breakout AOCQSFP-DD to 2x 200G QSFP56 AOCwith each 200G QSFP56 using 4X 50G PAM4 electrical lane70m (OM3) or 100m (OM4)400G to 200G network connection
QSFP-DD to 8x 50G SFP56 AOCwith each 50G SFP56 using 1x 50G PAM4 electrical lane70m (OM3) or 100m (OM4)400G to 50G network connection
400G OSFP DACOSFP to OSFP DACwith each 400G OSFP using 8x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G network direct connection
400G OSFP Breakout DACOSFP to 2x 200G QSFP56 DACwith each 200G QSFP56 using 4x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G to 200G network connection
OSFP to 4x100G QSFPs DACwith each 100G QSFPs using 2x 50G PAM4 electrical lanesno more than 3m400G to 100G network connection
OSFP to 8x 50G SFP56 DACwith each 50G SFP56 using 1x 50G PAM4 electrical laneno more than 3m400G to 50G network connection
400G OSFP AOCOSFP to OSFP AOCwith each 400G OSFP using 8x 50G PAM4 electrical lanes70m (OM3) or 100m (OM4)400G network direct connection

Differences Between 400G DAC and 400G AOC

According to the table, we know that the main differences between 400G DAC and 400G AOC are transmission distance and the available types on the market. At present, 400G DAC can provide more breakout cables and better satisfy your different connection requirements. Apart from that, 400G DAC and AOC differ from each other in the following aspects.

  • Weight and volume – With fiber optic cable as transmission media, 400G AOC has about half the volume and only a quarter the weight of 400G copper DAC. Also, its cable bending radius is smaller than 400G DAC.
  • Interference-resistance – Since 400G AOC with fiber optic cable doesn’t conduct electrical currents, it is resistant to interference from electromagnetic, lightning, or radio signals during data transmission. While 400G DAC with copper cable is vulnerable to power lines, lightning, and signal-scrambling.
  • Price – On today’s 400GbE cable market, the price of the 400G AOC is often higher than that of 400G DAC, of course, with the same level. If both of them can meet your needs, you can choose a 400G DAC to save costs.

Further Consideration about 400G DAC and 400G AOC

Both 400G DAC and AOC are cost-effective solutions for short-distance transmission. When it comes to the transmission over 100m, 400G optical transceivers combined with the matched fiber optic cables are a suitable solution. In today’s market, 400G QSFP-DD/OSFP transceivers are continuously being pushed to the market and gradually realize mass production. So, what are 400G QSFP-DD/OSFP transceiver types and what fiber optic cables could be used with these 400G optical modules? Continue reading to find the answers in the two articles: 400G OSFP Transceiver Types Overview; 400G QSFP-DD Transceiver Types Overview.

FAQ about 400G DAC/AOC

Q: Why does 400G DAC/AOC adopt PAM4 modulation?

A: PAM4 is a more efficient modulation technology that can effectively improve the bandwidth utilization efficiency. With same Baud rate, PAM4 signal can transmit twice faster than the traditional NRZ signal. Also, the transmission costs are greatly reduced.

Q: What’s the key technology of 400G DAC/AOC?

A: The core technologies of 400G DAC/AOC are PAM4 and DSP. Since PAM4 is more sensitive to noise than NRZ especially in 400G AOC, DSP is introduced to make up for the disadvantage of PAM4. As a high-speed digital processing chip, DSP not only owns the function of recovering signal provided by the traditional CDR but also can make dispersion compensation and remove noise, nonlinear disturbance as well as other interferences.

FS 400G DAC Cables

Article Source

https://community.fs.com/blog/400g-direct-attach-cables-dac-and-aoc-overview.html

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Posted in 400G Network | Comments Off on Basics about 400G DAC and 400G AOC